Injiniyoyin Jami’ar California San Diego sun ƙera batir lithium-ion waɗanda ke yin aiki da kyau a lokacin sanyi da zafi mai zafi, yayin da suke tattara makamashi mai yawa.Masu binciken sun cim ma wannan aikin ta hanyar haɓaka na'urar lantarki wanda ba kawai m da ƙarfi a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi ba, amma kuma ya dace da babban makamashi anode da cathode.
Batura masu jure zafin jikian bayyana su a cikin wata takarda da aka buga a makon Yuli 4 a cikin Ayyukan Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (PNAS).
Irin waɗannan batura na iya barin motocin lantarki a cikin yanayin sanyi suyi tafiya mai nisa akan caji ɗaya;Hakanan za su iya rage buƙatar na'urorin sanyaya don kiyaye fakitin batirin motocin daga yin zafi a yanayi mai zafi, in ji Zheng Chen, farfesa a fannin injiniyan nanoengineering a Makarantar Injiniya ta UC San Diego Jacobs kuma babban marubucin binciken.
"Kuna buƙatar aiki mai zafi a wuraren da yanayin zafi zai iya kaiwa lambobi uku kuma hanyoyin suna da zafi sosai.A cikin motocin lantarki, fakitin baturi yawanci suna ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kusa da waɗannan hanyoyi masu zafi,” in ji Chen, wanda kuma malami ne na Cibiyar Kula da Makamashi da Makamashi ta UC San Diego.“Har ila yau, batura suna dumama kawai daga yin aiki a halin yanzu yayin aiki.Idan batura ba za su iya jure wa wannan dumama a babban zafin jiki ba, aikinsu zai ragu da sauri."
A cikin gwaje-gwaje, batura masu tabbatar da ra'ayi sun riƙe 87.5% da 115.9% na ƙarfin ƙarfin su a -40 da 50 C (-40 da 122F), bi da bi.Hakanan suna da ingantaccen ingancin Coulombic na 98.2% da 98.7% a waɗannan yanayin zafi, bi da bi, wanda ke nufin batura na iya ɗaukar ƙarin caji da sake zagayawa kafin su daina aiki.
Batirin da Chen da abokan aikinsa suka ɓullo da su duka sanyi ne kuma suna jure zafi saboda godiyarsu ta electrolyte.An yi shi da maganin ruwa na dibutyl ether gauraye da gishirin lithium.Siffa ta musamman game da dibutyl ether shine cewa ƙwayoyinta suna ɗaure da rauni zuwa ions lithium.A wasu kalmomi, ƙwayoyin electrolyte na iya barin ions lithium cikin sauƙi yayin da baturin ke gudana.Wannan mummunan hulɗar kwayoyin halitta, masu binciken sun gano a cikin binciken da ya gabata, yana inganta aikin baturi a ƙananan yanayin zafi.Bugu da ƙari, dibutyl ether zai iya ɗaukar zafi cikin sauƙi saboda yana tsayawa ruwa a yanayin zafi mai yawa (yana da wurin tafasa na 141 C, ko 286 F).
Tabbatar da lithium-sulfur chemistries
Wani abu na musamman game da wannan electrolyte shi ne cewa ya dace da baturin lithium-sulfur, wanda nau'in baturi ne mai caji wanda ke da anode da aka yi da karfe na lithium da kuma cathode da aka yi da sulfur.Batirin lithium-sulfur wani muhimmin bangare ne na fasahar baturi mai zuwa saboda suna yin alƙawarin yawan kuzari da ƙarancin farashi.Za su iya adana makamashi har sau biyu fiye da kowane kilogiram fiye da batirin lithium-ion na yau - wannan na iya ninka kewayon motocin lantarki ba tare da wani haɓakar nauyin baturin ba.Har ila yau, sulfur ya fi yawa kuma ba shi da matsala ga tushe fiye da cobalt da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin cathodes na baturi na lithium-ion na gargajiya.
Amma akwai matsaloli tare da batirin lithium-sulfur.Dukansu cathode da anode suna da ƙarfi sosai.Sulfur cathodes suna da ƙarfi sosai har suna narkewa yayin aikin baturi.Wannan batu yana kara muni a yanayin zafi.Kuma lithium karfe anodes suna da wuya ga samar da tsarin irin allura da ake kira dendrites wanda zai iya huda sassan baturin, yana haifar da shi zuwa gajeriyar kewayawa.Sakamakon haka, baturan lithium-sulfur kawai suna dawwama har zuwa dubun hawan keke.
Chen ya ce "Idan kana son baturi mai yawan kuzari, yawanci kana bukatar yin amfani da tsauraran matakan sinadarai masu rikitarwa," in ji Chen.“Maɗaukakin ƙarfi yana nufin ƙarin halayen da ke faruwa, wanda ke nufin ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali, ƙarin lalacewa.Yin babban baturi mai ƙarfi wanda yake tsayayye abu ne mai wahala kansa - ƙoƙarin yin hakan ta kewayon zafin jiki ya ma fi ƙalubale."
Dibutyl ether electrolyte da ƙungiyar UC San Diego ta haɓaka tana hana waɗannan al'amura, har ma a yanayin zafi da ƙasa.Batir ɗin da suka gwada suna da tsawon rayuwar hawan keke fiye da baturin lithium-sulfur na yau da kullun.Chen ya ce "Electrolyte dinmu yana taimakawa wajen inganta bangaren cathode da kuma bangaren anode yayin da yake samar da ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali," in ji Chen.
Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta ƙera sulfur cathode don zama mafi kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar dasa shi zuwa polymer.Wannan yana hana ƙarin sulfur daga narkewa cikin electrolyte.
Matakai na gaba sun haɗa da haɓaka sinadarai na baturi, inganta shi don yin aiki har ma da yanayin zafi mai girma da kuma ƙara haɓaka rayuwa.
Takarda: "Sharuɗɗan zaɓin zaɓi don batirin lithium-sulfur masu jure zafin jiki."Marubuta sun haɗa da Guorui Cai, John Holoubek, Mingqian Li, Hongpeng Gao, Yijie Yin, Sicen Yu, Haodong Liu, Tod A. Pascal da Ping Liu, duk a UC San Diego.
Wannan aikin ya sami goyan bayan tallafin Faculty na Farko daga NASA's Space Technology Research Grant Programme (ECF 80NSSC18K1512), Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kasa ta UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC, bayar da DMR-2011924), da Ofishin Fasahar Motoci na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka ta hanyar Babban Tsarin Binciken Kayan Batir (Battery500 Consortium, kwangila DE-EE0007764).An yi wannan aikin a wani ɓangare a San Diego Nanotechnology Infrastructure (SDNI) a UC San Diego, memba na Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, wanda Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta goyan bayan (ba da ECCS-1542148).
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-10-2022